Multiple- Five Metastases Microwave Ablation

Microwave ablation is a type of thermal ablation used to treat cancer in interventional radiology. To create tissue-heating effects, MWA uses electromagnetic waves in the microwave energy band (300 MHz to 300 GHz). Frictional heating is caused by the oscillation of polar molecules, which leads to tissue necrosis in solid tumours. It's typically utilised to treat and/or relieve the symptoms of solid tumours in patients who aren't surgical candidates.

While some liver tumours can be surgically removed, the vast majority are inoperable and must be treated with other methods. Ablation (tissue destruction) is one such method. It is a surgical treatment that has traditionally been conducted using a variety of techniques, including Request for Applications (RFA) (Radiofrequency Ablation). People with liver metastases may benefit from ablation therapy, which can help lower the chance of cancer recurrence. Although ablation therapies do not eradicate tumours, they can result in complete remission, particularly in tumours with a diameter of 3 cm or less. In most cases, hepatic percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) is conducted under conscious sedation. Despite this, numerous patients complained of discomfort throughout the operation. The 915MHz system took 5 minutes (2-50) per tumour to ablate, while the 2.4GHz system took 4 minutes (1-20) per tumour. It's not uncommon to have some soreness, a burning sensation, or hypersensitivity in the procedure area. Some patients compare the sensation to that of a sunburn. This soreness usually lasts between 1 and 2 weeks after the operation.

When was the first time microwave ablation was used?

History - Radiofrequency ablation was first described in 1995 for use in animal lung tumour models, and later in people in 2000. Microwave ablation is a novel ablation technique that has been added to the arsenal of minimally invasive cancer treatments.

 Medical applications

Surgical excision remains the gold standard for treating isolated, nonmetastatic lung cancers. Many patients, however, are unable to undergo surgery due to poor cardiopulmonary performance, senior age, or a large disease burden. Minimally invasive therapy methods like radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation, and cryoablation have emerged as viable options for these patients. The treatment of liver cancers is another common application for microwave ablation. Local thermal ablation treatments have allowed nonsurgical patients to control malignancies without surgery. Because many patients with hepatocellular carcinoma arrive with advanced illness or reduced liver function, this therapy has risen in popularity.

 MWA has also been used in the treatment of renal, adrenal, and bone cancers in the clinic. The following are the objectives of thoracic malignancy ablation: 1. Ablating the entire tumour as well as a margin of normal parenchyma around it. 2. Preventing key structures from being injured 3. Quickly creating a large ablation area.

 Negative consequences

Pain, fever, pneumothorax, and pleural effusions are the most prevalent side effects of MWA for lung cancers.

[6-12] Rib fractures after thermal ablation, especially MWA, have recently been reported in the literature. [13]

The likelihood of marginal recurrences and/or persistent disease is one of the drawbacks of thermal-based ablation therapy, including MWA. In locations near heat sinks, such as bigger blood arteries or airways, residual or recurrent tumours are more common. The higher heat intensity generated by MWA compared to other thermal modalities may theoretically allow for more thorough ablations in larger tumours, resulting in a lower frequency of residual disease or recurrence near tumour margins.

Electrical current is transmitted into the tumour and nearby tissues to generate heat during radiofrequency (RF) ablation, the most frequent thermal ablation method in the world. Desiccation causes a high electrical impedance, which interrupts the electrical circuit, as tissue temperature rises above cytotoxic values. Heat transport into the periphery ablation zone is aided by passive thermal conduction. While RF ablation has shown promising results in the treatment of liver cancers up to 3 cm in diameter, the combination of inadequate heating physics in traditional RF ablation devices and highly vascularized tissue has made effective treatment of liver tumours larger than 3 cm difficult.

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